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Beyond “Critical Thinking”: Five Epistemic Functions for Learning With Artificial Intelligence
AI cannot practice restraint. It produces answers endlessly and instantly. If education rewards speed and certainty, AI will quietly become the model student.
Teaching restraint means cultivating the capacity to say:
I don’t know yet. This question may be poorly framed. This answer may be unsafe.
Tracy Williams-Shreve
7 min read


Using Open Source Textbooks to Differentiate Instruction
Creating Differentiated Articles for Diverse Learner Needs
Tracy Williams-Shreve
2 min read
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